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Gershwin, George (born: Brooklyn, 26 Sept 1898; died: Hollywood, 11 July 1937). American composer. Essentially self-taught, he was first a song plugger in Tin Pan Alley and an accompanist. In his teens he began to compose popular songs and produced a succession of musicals from 1919 to 1933 (Lady, be Good!, 1924; Oh, Kay!, 1926; Strike up the Band, 1927; Funny Face, 1927; Girl Crazy, 1930); the lyrics were generally by his brother Ira (1896-1983). In 1924 he became famous: he wrote Rhapsody in Blue as a concerto for piano and Paul Whiteman's jazz band. Its success led him to devote increasing energy to 'serious' composition. His more ambitious works include the Piano Concerto in F (1925) and the tone poem An American in Paris (1928). But he continued composing for the musical theatre, and some of his most successful musicals (Strike up the Band, Girl Crazy, Of Thee I Sing) date from this period. In 1934-5 he wrote his 'American folk opera' Porgy and Bess, which draws on African-American idioms; given on Broadway, it was only a limited success. Gershwin went to Hollywood in 1936 and wrote songs for films. He was a sensitive songwriter of great melodic gifts and did much to create syntheses between jazz and classical traditions in his concert music and black folk music and opera in Porgy and Bess.
Opears
- Blue Monday Blues (1922)
- Porgy and Bess (1935), incl. Summertime, It ain t necessarily so, I got plenty o nuttin
Muscials
- La La Lucille (1919)
- Broadway Brevities of 1920, incl. Swanee
- Lady, be Good! (1924), incl. Fascinating Rhythm
- Oh Kay! (1926), incl. Do, do, do, Someone to watch over me
- Strike up the Band (1927)
- Funny Face (1927), incl. S wonderful
- Girl Crazy (1930), incl. Embraceable you, I got rhythm
- Of Thee I sing (1931)
- 6 film scores
Songs
- 40 incl. The man I love (1924), How long has this been going on ? (1927)
Instrumental music
- Rialto Ripples, pf (1917)
- [3] Preludes, pf (1926)
- Rhapsody in Blue, jazz band, pf, orch (1924)
- Conc., F, pf, orch (1925)
- An American in Paris, tone poem, orch (1928)
- Cuban Ov., orch (1932)
Note: Concise Grove, based on the 20-volume New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, was published in 1988. For more contemporary information and updated listings, the New Grove II, published in January 2001, is available in printed and online versions: www.grovemusic.com. The Grove Concise Dictionary of Music (c) Macmillan Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. For personal, non-commercial use only. Copying or other reproduction is prohibited.
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